Sexual Roles In Dracula Essays - English-language Films,

Sexual Roles In Dracula Sexual Roles in Dracula Women in Bram Stoker's Dracula are primarily presented in two ways: There is the sexual being created solely with the aid Dracula's vampiric influence, and the device manipulated and virtually exploited by the men throughout the novel to contribute to the fight between Dracula and Van Helsing and his companions. This battle is not only the literal battle between Dracula and the men, but it is primarily a battle for the empowerment of women, both sexually and intellectually; a fight against the constricting social boundaries which forced men and women into their respective roles. Dracula's kiss enables women to become sexual penetrators. Using their sharp teeth to penetrate men, the reverse the traditional gender roles and place men in the passive position customarily reserved for women (Craft, 448). The instance when Mina drinks from Dracula's breast is the strongest example of this; where the reader to this point is accustomed to Dracula doing the ?biting?, and suddenly Mina has the power to penetrate a male. Both Lucy and Mina, when they carry out a relationship with Dracula, become sexual beings, as opposed to when they are mortals and are forced to obey the social boundaries of their society. By expressing this sexuality, they become threatening to the men. Mina is intelligent, and despite the strong aversion she has to the ?New Woman? or the ?Modern Woman?, she is, in fact, a sort of modern woman; connected with modern ways, a schoolteacher with secretarial skills, she possesses a ?man's brain?. It is this very brain which is ultimately used to aid in D racula's downfall. Lucy, on the other hand, is presented as the temptress at the very start of the novel. Stoker presents her as exhibiting personality traits potentially dangerous in women. She is ever the tease, falling into the traditional female role more than Mina ever did. Her vanity and superficiality is shown very clearly in a letter to Mina: ?THREE proposals in one day! Isn't it awful! ...But, for goodness' sake, don't tell any of the girls, or they would be getting all sorts of extravagant ideas and imagining themselves injured and slighted if in their very first day at home they did not get six at least. Some girls are so vain? (Stoker, 57). As a mortal, Lucy is already a sexual being- her transformation into a vampire only accentuates her seductiveness, making her a threat to the men. She becomes everything she wasn't in life; maternal, mature, cunning, sly. When the vampiric Lucy is approached by Holmwood in her tomb, his intent to destroy, she tries to seduce him (and he finds her hard to resist), to get him to protect her from the others. In the eyes of the men, she has become a ?monster? as well, and their desire for her is manifested in their obsession with destroying her. Lucy's unmanageable sexual penetration is presented as inherently evil because it threatens fixed gender distinctions (Signorottii, 623). Jonathon, Van Helsing, Seward and Holmwood are all overwhelmingly and unavoidably attracted to the vampires, and to sexuality in general. Fearing this, they both displace this attraction and justify their hostile reaction to it by projecting the attraction onto the female vampires (with the rationale that it is not themselves who want the vampires, it is the vampires who want them), and using religion to justify the murders (Roth, 415). The men refuse admit to this attraction, because what they are attracted to poses such a threat to their manhood. Vampires are allowed to show their sexuality in a much more explicit manner than the ?living?. One of the three vampire women who attempt to feed form Jonathon in Dracula's castle exhibits this with surprising directness: ?He is young and strong; there are kisses for us all? (Stoker, 42). ?The vampire women offer immediate sexual gratification... a tempting alternative to the socially imposed delays and frustrations of Jonathon's relationship with the chaste and somewhat sexless Mina? (Wasson, 389). During Mina's transformation, she becomes a much more dangerous threat to the men. Her ?man's brain? is now being used to Dracula's advantage. Furthermore, Dracula is able to give his women, Mina being no exception, what Jonathon could never

The Legend of El Dorado essays

The Legend of El Dorado essays The Legend of El Dorado, or the gilded man, is a centuries-old story About a native Indian king whose body was covered with powdered gold. It is believed that he still appears to his people. Looking for gold and treasures intrigued the Spanish colonizers, Indians, and Muiscas. The natives were rich in gold and seemed to have obtained their wealth from a place outside their home towns. From some captured natives the Spaniards began to hear of a legendary king and leader by the name of El Dorado. The legend begins with the spiritual ceremony of appointing El Dorado the new leader. As part of the rites, the king was to journey out to the great lagoon of Guatavita to make an offering to the gods. An elaborately decorated raft was made and loaded with all sorts of treasures from the village to be used as a sacrifice (Morrison 84). On the day of the ceremony the king was stripped to his bare-skin. He was then anointed with sticky oil and completely covered with gold dust. As the raft pushed off shore, the smoke from burning torches and incense, resin, And 2 other perfumes shrouded the area in darkness. The king was accompanied by four chiefs decked in golden crowns, bracelets, pendants, and ear rings. When the raft reached the center of the lagoon, a banner was raised as a sign calling for silence. The gilded man then threw out the piles of gold and treasure into the center of the lake. As he headed to shore, the villagers celebrated with song and dance. They were happy that a new ruler had been received and recognized as king. The gold offerings would also ensure that the villagers would be protected and blessed with wealth (DuBois Since then it is believed El Dorado sometimes appears to his people by a lake in the mountains. ...

Planning Personal Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Planning Personal Finance - Essay Example anced understanding with respect to the manner through which personal financial decision-making is affected as well as the tactics and tools that can and should be integrated with at each and every stage of the financial planning cycle of the individual investor (Irving, 2012). Of all of the understandings that will be represented within this brief analysis, perhaps the most important is with respect to understanding the fact that the most relevant financial products that should be considered at every stage of life are neither uniform nor static. What is meant by this is that the changes in the overall financial outlook of the individual investor, the changes in career, the changes in wealth, the changes in savings, the focus upon different aspects of resources, and the manner through which all of these focuses evolve throughout the lifetime of the individual investor. The first and most obvious stage of the typical financial lifecycle of an individual is with regards to early childhood. Within this particular stage, few if any resources exist for the individual to promote their own financial independence and the future. However, within this particular stage, the individual is presented with an understanding of the value of money and needs to which it can be earned, state, and instruments such as interest can be engaged as a means of maximizing the overall amount of money that the individual has. Rather than merely glossing over this particular stage of financial lifecycle development, it is extraordinarily important that stakeholders within society seeks to engender a level of understanding within young people of this demographic that money has been innate and tacit value that must be understood and appreciated. Moreover, by choosing to make wise financial decisions, the value and overall utility that the money can bring to the individual is also a tool that can be understood and utilized within this particular period of life (O’Neill, 2011). Whereas many

Coursework Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Coursework - Case Study Example In this context, the employer can be prosecuted if the worker died or he or she is an illegal immigrant. An example of a case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) HL, Mrs. Donoghue accompanied by a friend went to Minchella’s Wellmeadow. The friend ordered ice cream and a bottle of ginger beer, when all the beer was poured, and it was found to contain a snail. Mrs. Donoghue became unwell after consuming the contaminated beer. The owner of the cafà © was held negligible of duty of care, because the neighbor was injured. The cafà © owner act affected another person that she ought to have them under observation not to be affected. Where a person is held in an institution then the organization owes the convict a relevant duty of care. It applies where the offence committed has features relating to offence in section occurred before 1 September 2011, and then the common law applies. The court will decide whether the organization owed the dead a duty of care (section 2(5) (Ormerod, Smith & Hogan, 2011). However, in order to conclude there was a breach, it must be very serious and the extent of risk to death it posed section 8(2). This shows the complexity of the legal nature to the presence of a duty of care in the law of negligence. A case of Khan, R v [1993] CA, the defendant, a drug dealer gave heroin to a 15-year-old girl. Afterward, the girl was in apparent need for medical attention but the defendant left her until the following day when she was found dead. The drug dealer was convicted for the offence of omission to ask for medical assistance and not giving heroin. The jury concluded that he owed the girl duty of care, which he breached, and constituted gross negligence and thus a criminal act. Even though the Act does not define causation, the intention follows the features of the law on gross negligence manslaughter. Therefore, the hearing will need to demonstrate that the breach was more than the

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Research Proposal - Essay Example More specifically, the primary activities of the proposed studio will include services for Commercial, Portrait, Studio and Street photography. The project shall be made up of two (2) parts. The first part being the identification of the main consumer groups and target market segments, an evaluation of the photo industry, and the conduct of a brief Political, Economic, Social, and Technological (PEST) and Porter Five Points analyses. The second part, on the other hand, shall be aimed at monitoring the performance of the proposed studio against industry competitors and market averages and improving this performance based on the results of the evaluation process. It shall likewise endeavor to determine which of the industry’s niches the proposed photographic studio can successfully tackle to enable the company to maximize its revenues and make it competitive. The rationale behind this project is to confirm that the proposed photo studio is indeed an economically viable business given the industry’s vast market and growth potentials. This project will enable the tracking, investigation and monitoring of existing variables such as relevant competitors and potential market, before and during the initial process of business development including sales monitoring during the early stages of actual business operations. Sales monitoring will involve the process of sales benchmarking via an assessment of verifiable sales of competitors and vis-Ã  -vis relevant market standards. These approaches will cover a complete monitoring and analytical process over a wider spectrum of the company’s existence while at the same time allowing a differentiated approach to the use of different monitoring instruments and research tools. Both phases will require the collection and processing of data from the market and consumers in order to draw relevant conclusions. The

Just Us! Cafe: Business Analysis

Just Us! Cafe: Business Analysis Just Us! Cafes is the company specialise in food and service industry consist of wholesaler and retailer in Nova Scotia, Canada, and United States. Just Us cafes vision is to be a leading Fair Trade business that builds on quality, professionalism and innovation for the benefit of all their stakeholders. Their core product is certified Fair trade, organic products and local products which is high quality and social and environmental responsibility. Just Us! Coffees focus on nique market of promoting fair trade. The Moores have maintained a strong commitment to educating consumers while building strong brand identity and upholding constant growth. The main distribution channel of Just Us are in grocery stores, four cafà ©s (two each in Wolfville and Halifax) and distributed products on university campuses. In current situation, the prevailing economic climate and increasing competition has been issues to the founders. In addition, Just Us! Coffee goal to expand their business, consequently, the new challenges arise from having compete with several big brands for example Starbuck, Mcdonald, Kraft who also introduce the FairTrade certified coffees, or Rainforest Alliances certified coffees and small coffee shops and new entrants to retain its brand recognition of its customers. There are several possible answer to those problem such as: Increase power of branding to make it difficult for new entrants and create the different with existing rivals. Using Joint venture, franchising as an option to expand into new market Using new media to increase marketing and customer service. 4 Current Situation Analysis Positioning is the art of designing the companys offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market. (Kotler, 2003, pg 308). 4.1 External Analysis: In order to develop effective strategies Just Us Cafà ©s are required to examine the external environment in which they operate. I have carried out the following analyses: Pest Analysis Porters 5 Forces Competitor Analysis 4.1.1 PEST analysis Political As highlighted throughout the case, a huge political factor involved in the industry was the certified recognition of actual fair trade and the whole process. Economic The economic environment is constantly changing and as we can see from the case, some competitors are providing partially organic ranges as well as mainstream organic coffees. JU pricing is at a slight premium and in the current environment; disposable income of consumers can play a large role in choosing a product. JU must be aware that a consumers feeling toward one product may be influenced by their income, regardless of how strong they feel about fair trade. Social As mentioned in the case, the overall coffee experience seems to be a large part of the attractiveness of JU and competitors. Any future strategy must be designed with this experience in mind rather than expanding rapidly and diminishing the experience factor. Technology Technology is constantly evolving and JU can seize a significant advantage by utilizing technology more. JU needs to examine the improvements technology can make in the manufacturing process and in their advertising. Environment The issues of carbon footprint means there are more incentives to buy from local supply rather than international import. Legislation There is no specific legal requirement for fairtrade or coffee in general. 4.1.2 PORTERS FIVE FORCES Threat of New Entrants: Threat of New Entrants is high within the market as there are very few barriers to entry and fair trade coffee trends are extremely popular so it is an attractive industry. Buyer Power: Buyers threaten an industry by forcing down prices, bargaining for higher quality or more services, and playing competitors against each other (Dess et al 2004:53). As mentioned in Appendix B-PEST, the customers income plays a huge role in selecting a product therefore if they decide to bypass fair trade products because of the premium price they can hold allot of buyer power, thus making buyer power in the industry high. Threat of Substitutes: There are various substitutes for fair trade coffee in the industry such as regular coffee, tea etc but not only coffees but in the general beverages market e.g. Coca Cola, Water etc. As a result of this there is a very high threat of substitutes. Supplier Power: Supplier power is relatively low as the industry is fair trade coffee. From previous knowledge, coffee suppliers were being exploited and continued to produce. It is simply because of the willingness to partake in fair trade that they have gained power. However I still believe that due to the underdevelopment of the producing countries allot of the power still lies with the buyers. Competitive Rivalry: Competitive rivalry is relatively high as seen in previous competitor analysis. There are many competitors in the local market and on the shelf within the mainstream markets. 4.1.3 Competitor Analysis Competitor Channels Locations No. Shops Kicking Horse Coffee Shops, Gourmet West Coast, Canada N/A Stores, Restaurants Quebec Ontario Kraft Foods Stores, Universities United States Mainstream PG Millstone Mainstream Canada United States Mainstream Nestle Mainstream Canada United States Mainstream Lowblaws Private Label Lowblaws Stores Canada Mainstream Just Us! Coffee Shops, Universities, Gourmet Stores, Nova Scotia, Quebec 4 Coffee Shops On The Supermarkets Ontario Shelf Trident Bookseller Cafe Coffee Shop Halifax, Nova Scotia 1 coffe shop Java Factory Coffee Shop Nova Scotia-Halifax, 3 Coffee Shops Darthmouth, Upper Tantallon Tim Hortens Restaurant Nova Scotia General-Wolfville(2), Halifax(21) 170 Second Cup Coffee Shop Retailer Canada General, Nova 360 Scotia(6)-Halifax(5) 4.2 Internal Analysis 4.2.1 Core Competence The Value Chain is a method that can be used to analyze JUs internal environment. Porter (1980) created a generic value chain model which listed activities that could be found in most firms. These activities can be divided into primary and support activities, which aim to create value for customers, whilst exceeding the cost of such activities. 4.2.2 Financial Analysis 4.2.3 Value chain 4.2.4 Geography focus 4.3 Evaluation SWOT ANALYSIS Strength Just Us! Coffee Roasters brand equity is what drives the company forward. Customers base their decision to purchase coffee from Just Us! Coffee Roasters are a symbol of their own personal beliefs, demanding ethical business practices and quality of product. Just Us! Coffee Roasters image also attracts a passionate following. Weakness Just Us! Coffee Roasters operates as a co-operative. Not only must they operate to fulfill shareholders expectations, but they also must operate in a manner that is expected of the values that the company had initial0ly set out with. Jeff and Debra Moore, are bound to creating a profit while maintaining the appropriate image and practiced that they initially based their company on. Upon entering the next phase of the companys life cycle, Jeff and Debra must maintain operations under strict control of their original company values as they compete against competition that does not share the same values. Opportunity New Fair trade products: With more and more fair trade products becoming readily available a huge opportunity to increase the product portfolio is on the horizon for JU Social Media/Online: The online environment presents JU with a huge opportunity to increase brand awareness, engagement and utilize its loyal customers feedback at a very low cost. Threat Clarity on Fair Trade: An issue highlighted in the case was that of clarity and regulation on fair trade. It is to be seen that the fair trade term is been thrown around too commonly and applied to every product, thus potentially reducing effect of one of JUs key USPs. Clouded Focus: At the moment JU are using multiple channels of distribution, however with various challenges on the horizon a decision needs to be made on a strategy. Operating and managing two separate strategies can create a clouded vision within the company and a decision needs to be made on prioritization. 4.4 Ethical issues Ethics are the moral principles or values that govern the actions and decisions of an individual or group (Gresham 1985)  [1]  . Ethical principle has been used as guidelines of business activities and justification of action. The table below 2 The part JU focus on in this diagram is ethical and legal which make them more expensive than others. The reason for that is they promoting Fairtrade to pay more for suppliers, therefore, the cost of it will be higher than competitors who are currently not in fairtrade segment. Secondly, as the case study mention, they couldnt use licensing method since they dont trust the agency who selling JU product would comply with JU ethical principle. It may damage their reputation as well as losing customers. 5 Memo to juliet 5.1 BCG Matrix As JU provide various organic products it is important to examine the more profitable ones and not so profitable in order to either focus marketing effort on weaker products or discontinue them. The revenue from coffee and drink has the highest percentage in the trade figures of Just Us! Cafe while in the Fairtrade market there is significant growth rates in volume in both coffee and tea over a four year period. Perhaps JU should look at the profitability of the market for others (vouchers) and consider placing less emphasis on it. Since it contributed lowest proportion to the total revenue and even loss in one store. However, the gift cards, gift basket and event tickets in this category may promote all Just Us products. Benefits of BCG Matrix The BCG matrix help managers in resource allocation among various units. The managers can compare several business units which company offer. This method simplified the analysis of the product and market by using the market share and growth rate of products. BCG has been well known world wide and used for quick respond to the industry. The BCG allows for the making of comparisons so as to measure the growth and development rate of a company against the average growth rate in that specific industry. In addition, this particular matrix is also enjoyable to use, encouraging better decision making. Large organizations that are normally in need of effective decision making can benefit a lot from using BCG matrix, especially those seeking better resource management. Limitations of BCG Matrix High market share does not always leads to high profits. There are high costs also involved with high market share. Growth rate and relative market share are not the only indicators of profitability. This model ignores and overlooks other indicators of profitability. At times, dogs may help other businesses in gaining competitive advantage. They can earn even more than cash cows sometimes. To sum up, it can be seen that even though BCG matrix has many benefits, it may not applied to JU since they offer Fairtrade products, therefore, the cost is relatively high as well. In other words, high market share and high growth rate may not give them high profit. Moreover, the dog products seem to have lower revenue may due to high profit margin and has been used to promote others products. 5.2 Product Life Cycle Using product life cycle to find the stage of products could help to understand the profit of the products offered. Rather than compare the market share and growth rate, JU can use product life cycle to understand their products. Coffee and drinks still on the growing trend, it shows that these products is on the growth stage which need to increase differentiation, improve the products and services while gaining the market shares. The JU products and Bodum, Lunches, Bakery has been put in maturity stage since the revenue of those are expected to increase slighty compare with Coffee and Drinks. The other products of JU complied of gift card, event tickets has low profit and even loss due to introduction stage. Therefore, it should not be removed from the products range. 5.3 Financial Analysis Appendix 5.4 Geography Concentrated Appendix 6 Retail Customer loyalty strategy INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION The concept of IMC has been defined in three ways: a one-voice view in which there is one theme and one image, a perspective which suggests that product, image and consumer behaviour should be considered simultaneously and a perspective which focuses on the integration of communications disciplines.(Nowak, et al, 1994) CONSISTENCY IMC planners, focus their attention in two types of consistency, one voice one look and strategic consistency. For instance one voice one look, delivers a campaign in which all advertising, sales promotion, sponsorship, publicity and direct response and package for the two different products have the same appearance and feel. All the media messages reinforce one and the other. (Duncan, 2003) Renovation of coffee shops into uniformed unit could show customer the consistency of the business. Increase the customer service performance JU cafe can improve the customer service such as the expert suggestion or customer related services. The good customer service could improve the performance and increase turnover. Improve customer awareness Events and exhibitions to keep the customer aware and informed about fair trade and Just Us products. By provide the chance for customer to understand JU nature as well as fairtrade, customer can feel more comfortable to come to the coffee shop. Loyal customer base Promotions such as giving free cup of coffee for return customers. Loyalty cards for existing customer to collect points to exchange for gifts or products. Customer relationships such as email of new products or service or simply the news on Fairtrade. 7 STP analysis and the marketing mix Market MARKET SEGMENTATION AND TARGETING Segmentation and targeting seek to determine who companies want to reach in order to build brand relationship. Marketing today is in the name of efficiency and effectiveness, becoming more focused on smaller but more profitable segments of the market. (Duncan, 2003) Just us cafe currently focus on the young people 18-30 who concern about the ethical issues and interested in Fairtrade. However, that is only the niche market where the number of customer is small compare to JU competitors. In order to increase sales, JU need to expand it own segmentation. In other words, JU need to enter new segment in order to get more customers. For example, JU offer to fashion industry such as giving coffee for catwalk show or JU coffee could offer delivery to office for white collar people. JU coffee would increase the target since more and more people outside their age focus interested in drink coffee and ethical issues. POSITIONING The positioning of the JU coffee need to be uniformed. At the moment, there are 4 different location which offer different products and service which make JU too diversified. If new customer come to the coffee bar they may expected the same service, therefore, JU coffee should be made as uniform service. Strategic Marketing Options: Ansoffs Matrix In the market JU has their existing menu as the existing products which other competitor also provide the same kind of products and services. The market is existing. Therefore, JU cafe have 3 option they could adopted. Market penetration: JU can improve their customer service, renovate the current location and training employees to increase and improve the customer experience. Moreover, they can use new media to promote the brand. Product development: JU can come up with new products which may benefits their current customers such as new formular for coffee, additional art on coffee cream or the new food in their menu. Market development: JU can use Joint Venture to expand their market and sharing the risk of investment. Evaluation of Options: SAF Option 1: Market penetration Suitable In the current situation, Just Us cafe can use this to improve their market share Yes Acceptable This method is acceptable since JU has the experience in premium service. Yes Feasible The fund required is lower than the other methods The experience available Yes Option 2: Product development Suitable In the current situation, Just Us cafe can use this to improve their customers experience. Yes Acceptable The new products cannot be launched immediately since they need to research and development. No Feasible The fund required is high and there is need for expertise. May be Option 3: Market development Suitable In the current situation, Just Us cafe can use this to improve their market share Yes Acceptable This method make JU lose part of their control in new shops. May be Feasible The fund required is medium since it can be share with other venture and the risk is shared as well Yes 8 Implementation a. Strategic and Marketing Objectives b. Marketing Strategy and Marketing Mix Advertising POP materials Direct Marketing Web Site Personal Selling Exhibitions and Events Packaging Sales Promotion Trade Promotion Product Placement Field Marketing c. Responsibilitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ d. Time Period for Implementationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ e. Monitoring and Controlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ f. Return on Investmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 9 Conclusion Just us cafe can offer the option 3 or option 1 since all of the option require sufficient fund to launched. The option 3 seem to be more suitable since JU want to expand the market. Using Joint Venture, they can create the alliance with other rival to protect themselves as well as increase the power over new entrant and stronger competitors. However, they can increase their channel for supply and B2B market as well as B2C. Besides, JU can also use new media such as online business or online network to promote their brand with low cost of maintainance since WWW become more and more wellknown.

Yanomamo: People of the Rainforest Essay -- Culture Essays Venezuela E

Yanomamo: People of the Rainforest Located in the Amazon Basin of Southern Venezuela and Northern Brazil, the Yanomamo are an indigenous group numbering close to 23,000. They utilize slash and burn horticulture, hunting and gathering to survive within their ecosystem. Napoleon Chagnon termed the group, â€Å"fierce people†, citing their numerous disputes within non-allied villages. Aside from their periodic warfare, they have managed to build and sustain their unique culture through adaptations to their environment for generations. Family Organization Yanomamo families may live together as simply nuclear, polygnous, or extended (Ramos 1995, 188). Each house may have somewhere between one to six family compartments (Ramos 1995, 36). Alcida Rita Ramos explains that the nuclear family is very often so entangled in the web of kinship that, in order to define it, it is necessary to go through relatives who are primary neither to the husband nor to the wife (1995, 188). She states, "the wife may be the mother of a mans children, the daughter of his mothers brother, and the daughter of his fathers sister" (1995, 188). Frank A Salamone further explains the confusing kinship system they maintain by explaining that children of siblings of the opposite sex on both mothers and fathers side is the preferred marriage termed "bilateral cross-cousin marriage" (1997, 40). Apparently, another explanation for the difficulty in defining direct and indirect kin among the Yanomamo is in part due to their use of Teknonymy (Salamone 1997, 42). Ramos expl ains that Teknonymy does not allow for the use of personal names, meaning individuals are referred to, for example, as 'daughter of Suli' or 'husband of Suli' (1995, 188). In families, men do outran... ...mbridge University Press, 1985. Moore, Randy et. al. Botany; Second Edition. New York: McGraw Hill, 1998. Ramos, Alcida Rita. Sanuma Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis. University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. Saffirio, Giovanni and Richard Scaglion. (1982) Hunting Efficiency Among Acculturated and Unacculturated Yanomama Villages. Journal of Anthropological Research 38: 315-327. Smoles, William J. The Yanoama Indians: a cultural geography. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1976. University of Manitoba Anthropology Homepage. http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/anthropology/tutor/case_st udies/yanomamo/ Yanomamo Homepage. http://www.wugb.edu/~galta/mrr/yano/yano.htm CSAC’s Ethnographics Gallery. http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7884 Yanomamo Research Group Homepage. http://www.sscf.ucsb.edu/~cejal/

Compensation Plan †University of Phoenix †HRM Essay

A good compensation plan must include both aspects, financial and nonfinancial of a rewarding system where financial rewards, or a pay system, â€Å"assign a monetary value to each job in the organization (a base rate) and an orderly procedure for increasing the base rate (e.g., based on merit, inflation, or some combination of the two)† (Cascio, 2005, p. 425). Also, â€Å"a properly designed Pay for Performance (PFP) Program enables companies to reduce their cost of labor while increasing the average take home pay of their workforce† (Jensen, 2009). On the other hand we also will offer nonfinancial systems that will cover indirect aspects such as benefits, professional and personal development. We want to give our â€Å"sales staff a reason to get out there and sell, sell, sell† (Ward). â€Å"Rewards bridge the gap between organizational objectives and individual expectations and aspirations. To be effective, organizational reward systems should provide four things: (1) a sufficient level of rewards to fulfill basic needs, (2) equity with the external labor market, (3) equity within the organization, and (4) treatment of each member of the organization in terms of his or her individual needs† (Cascio, 2005, p. 419). New compensation plan†Pay systems are designed to attract, retain, and motivate employees† (Cascio, 2005, p. 419)The new compensation plan will be based in a performance system. â€Å"If business takes off, more pay goes to workers. If it doesn’t, the company is not locked into high fixed costs of labor. 417† This system was chosen since meets the company strategy of growth and objectives and â€Å"such variable-pay systems almost guarantee cost control. 417 (Cascio, 2005, p. 417)† and a well planed recognition system adds to the compensation plan to offset a higher level of discouragement found in a competitive selling environment and also â€Å"can be used to express gratitude, admiration, and to inspire to greater sales and greater sales initiative† (F&B Publications, 2005). Our new compensation plan will adopt a combination of base salary plus commission and bonus based on the overall performance. â€Å"Perhaps the most important objective of any pay system is fairness or equity† (Cascio, 2005, p. 419). To ensure the correctness of our plan, a committee has been created  to evaluate each employee performance, keep our compensation plan current and provide support and training at any time needed. We are also taking in consideration that our payment plan â€Å"should include a three-tier approach of immediate recognition for a job well done, short-term rewards for performance over a month or quarter, and long-term rewards for being a loyal employee over the years† (Schoeffler, 2005). -Salary: a monthly salary will be based on the job description of each position and it has the possibility of be complimented and enhanced depending of the employee performance. -Commission: a percentage of the profit will be used to increase the monthly employee compensation. -Bonus: bonuses will be given based on the performance of the sales individual each three months. Percentages will be given according to the goals met, or exceeded, so sales reps will rely on their individual performance. -Team incentives: â€Å"Team incentives provide an opportunity for each team member to receive a bonus based on the output of the team as a whole† (Cascio, 2005, p. 443). Sales personnel will have participation on this incentive to promote a teamwork environment. These events will happen at the end of the year. -On spot bonus: This is going to be granted for exceptional behavior regarding to teamwork efforts, customer satisfaction or any attitude that can be used as an example to the other workers. We â€Å"may reward the worker with a one-time bonus of $50, $100, or $500 shortly after the noteworthy actions† (Cascio, 2005, p. 441). -Incentives – † When it comes to performance incentives, the possibilities are endless† (Cascio, 2005, p. 436), and we plan to use nonfinancial reward system that will include â€Å"anything an employee values and desires that an  employer is able and willing to offer in exchange for employee contributions† (Cascio, 2005, p. 418). Based on the answers compiled from the questionnaire we created, we will develop some entertaining activities such as trips, restaurants, theaters and any other approved selection available in our committee that will be available each three months and also at the end of the year. In our committee we will also make available the following benefits that our employees can choose to participate on:-Employee stock ownership plans – As the company grows we will offer participation in the stocks of our company and a limited amount of them available to each employee for purchase. It helps â€Å"to fulfill a philosophical belief in employee ownership† 447. â€Å"ESOPs do promote an increase in employee willingness to participate in company decisions. Companies that take advantage of that willingness can harness employees’ energy and creativity† (Cascio, 2005, p. 447). -Recognition – is a non financial reward and helps to â€Å"enhance a worker’s sense of self-respect and esteem by others† (Cascio, 2005, p. 418). These recognitions will be done in the yearly meetings where all employees are going to be together and have the opportunity to see their colleague’s performance is rewarded. â€Å"Recognition amongst their peers is still the quintessential motivator, whether there’s an incentive program or not† (Shearstone)Recent data indicates that â€Å"people are more attached and committed to organizations that offer family-friendly policies, regardless of the extent to which they benefit personally from the policies† (Cascio, 2005, p. 489), therefore our plan also cover other benefits that will be extend to all employees regardless merit or performance. â€Å"Once you have great employees on board, how do you keep them from jumping ship? One way is by offering a good benefits package.† (Entrepreneur Media, Inc, n.d.)†¢Tuition aid†¢Auto insurance†¢Fitness and wellness programs†¢Counseling Service†¢Child adoption†¢Child care Social activities†¢Elder care Referral awards†¢Charter flights Family leaves†¢Flexible work arrangementsWe also developed some benefits options that will  Ã¢â‚¬Å"integrate salary and benefits into a package that will encourage the achievement of an organization’s goals† (Cascio, 2005, p. 470). They will be available to all employees and they can choose among them all. †¢Life insurance†¢Disability insurance†¢Healthy insurance†¢Other medical coverage†¢Sick leave†¢Pension plans†¢Unemployment insurance†¢401K†Evidence indicates that the perceived value of benefits rises when employers introduce choice through a flexible benefits package† (Cascio, 2005, p. 466). For that reason we expect that this pay system will bring excitement to our workforce since the opportunities are vary. This pay system should also increase motivation of our employees and deepens commitment with our customer to bring success to both the individual and the company. Following are pointed some reason that we expect to succeed with this new plan. -The final compensation at the end of the month has the opportunity to be largely increased according to the employee performance, but yet, the base salary is high enough to give the employees some breathing in order to meet the essential financial obligations. -Commissions, bonuses and team incentives. -Variety of employee services and benefits. -Friendly and family environmentBefore our pay system is implemented training will be given to all employees to ensure understanding of it. A website will be available to answer most common questions and our committee will also be available for further explanation and training as needed. References Cascio, W. F. (2005). Managing Human Resources (7th ed.). : The McGraw−Hill Companies. Entrepreneur Media, Inc (n.d.). The Basics of Employee Benefits. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from http://www.entrepreneur.com/F&B Publications (2005). Sale Incentive Ideas – Motivating Your Sales Team. Retrieved April 17, 2009, from http://www.associatedcontent.com/Jensen, M. L. (2009). 9 Key Aspects For Successful Pay For Performance Systems. EzineArticles.com. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/Schoeffler, B. (2005). Employee Incentive Plans: Make Them Worthwhile. Insurance Journal. Retrieved from http://www.insurancejournal.com/Shearstone, P. (). Creating Sales Incentive Programs That Work. About.com, 2. Retrieved from http://sbinfocanada.about.com/Ward, S. (). 6 Sure Ways to Increase Sales. About.com. Retrieved from http://sbinfocanada.about.com/

The Balkan Crisis

The Balkan Crisis Introduction The Balkan crisis that began in 1989 was a revolution that put to an end the Soviet-mode Communism in socialist states of East European nations beginning from the Baltic to Balkans; these proved to be both spectacular and largely unanticipated. The Balkan crisis that that began outgrew from collapse due to economic failures, the arms race and the availability of options to Communism. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Balkan Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The crisis started at the time when Slobodan Milosevic ascended to the presidency of Serbia, in 1989 when the country held its first democratic elections since the aftermath of the First World War. He turned out to be the president of Yugoslavia in the year 1997 (Gallagher 201). The Balkan Crisis After president Slobodan took over the presidency of Yugoslavia in started making vicious attacks on the Albanian ethnic group inhabiting t he province of Kosovo. This led him into military contest with the NATO forces in 1999. The government of Slobodan Milosevic continuously engaged in violence and would only bow to threats of severe military intervention. It is important to note that the Balkan crisis led to the ultimate disintegration of the republic of Yugoslavia. The disintegration led to realignment of forces which consequently resulted into tensions that were premised on ethnic, religious and political origins. This became intense as Slobodan Milosevic became president and swiftly began consolidating power and coming up with strategies to preserve that power. He initiated the oppression of the Albanian ethnic people who inhabited Kosovo. It is recorded that the ethnic cleansing began in the summer of 1992 throughout Bosnia. The Serbian nationalists were in involved in ethnic cleansing with a clear objective to create a purely Serbian republic by killing and driving away non-Serbians (Gallagher pp. 202-210). Du ring the periods of ethnic cleansing, the non-Serbs were attacked by snipers and their villages were destroyed. Thousands of these non-Serb nationalists were tortured, expelled from their residences, executed, detained in camps and some raped, especially women and young females. It is posited that rape and executions were tactically utilized to destroy the ties that existed in families and also communities. In July, 1995 the civilian women were separated from civilian men by the Serbian forces that then started the campaigns of killing non-Serbian men and even hunting those who were trying to escape through various forests (Gallagher pp. 202-210).Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bratunac killings (1992) that claimed more or less 350 (Muslim) men remain the largest known (mass) killing. Several confrontations ensued between Bosnian Muslims and Serbs of Bosnia in which the town of Srebrenica was interchangeably controlled by the two conflicting group. During the conflict period, the residents of Bosnia converged in the town which had been declared by the United Nations as safe. Unfortunately, the Serbian forces continued to attack the town despite the United Nation’s claim. The Dutch military personnel tried to protect the Muslim men from the Serbian soldiers but were overwhelmed and could not stop the massacre that took place (Government Printing Office 20206). In 1993, there was an attempt to resolve the crisis through what was known as Vance- Owen plan. This plan was drawn by a collaboration of various governments which included the United States of America and the Britain with support of other nations; the plan proposed that The situation that has been experienced with regards to the Balkan crisis requires serious humanitarian interventions due to the fact that gravious violation of human rights has been going on withi n the state. Even though the issue was resolved by the United Nations in conjunction with other nations, the effects have not yet completely subsided. The many decades of tension led to economic crises and destruction of property that left millions of people poor. This calls for serious humanitarian interventions even though many states and individuals are against the interventions. The fact is that humanitarian intervention is one of the most important remedy to a situation where citizens have suffered in the hands of repressive government officials. As the separated countries attempt to recover economically, so many citizens still go without the basic needs recognized by the United Nations as amongst the fundamental human rights; these are the rights to better healthcare, food, education and shelter. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Balkan Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, it is cruci al to note that many citizens who were victims of Serbian military campaign of mass murder have not yet psychologically recovered from the trauma of the mass massacre; they still need lots of counseling that can most probably be provided by humanitarian agencies. Conclusion The government of president Slobodan presided over the mass killing of many non-Serbian people in what is described as the first declared genocide in the world. The government created a lot of human crises in which many Muslim and non-Serbs were tortured and killed, women and young girls were raped and killed and lots of property was destroyed. The impact of the Balkan crisis created a situation in which the region necessarily needs the intervention of humanitarian agencies to help the people of the region rebuild their lives and be able to take care of their fundamental basic needs. There were countries like the United States of American and the Britain amongst others that were involved in resolving the crisis (Gallagher pp. 201-2002). Gallagher, Tom. The Balkans in the new millennium: in the shadow of war and peace. New York: Rutledge, 2005. Government Printing Office. Political Science / Government / Legislative Branch. New York: Government Printing Office, 1998.

Idioms and Expressions - Eye

Idioms and Expressions - Eye The following idioms and expressions use the noun eye. Each idiom or expression has a definition and two example sentences to help with  these common idiomatic expressions. Apple of Someones Eye The expression  apple of my eye  is often used when referring to family members, or those who are closest to us to mean that they are someones favorite person or object. Jennifer is the apple of her fathers eye. Hes so proud of her. My Mercedes is the apple of my eye. Birds-eye View Birds-eye view  refers to a viewpoint from which one can see a wide area. This idiom  is often used figuratively to mean that someone can see a situation from a wider perspective. His birds-eye view of the market will help us beat our competitors. The hotel provides a lovely birds-eye view over the bay. Catch Someones Eye Catch someones eye indicates that someone or something has  gained attention. I caught the servers eye. Hell be with us shortly. That house on Elm street certainly caught my eye. Should we talk a look inside? Cry Ones Eyes Out Crying ones eyes out  is an idiom used for very sad events in ones life. It means to  cry for a very long time in a desperate manner such as at the loss of a loved one. I think you just need to cry your eyes out to get it all out of your system. Marias crying her eyes out. I wonder what happened? Eagle Eye Someone with an  eagle eye  has  the ability to see important details and notice mistakes. Show it to the editor. She has an eagle eye and will catch any mistake. Luckily, Toms eagle eye saw the discounted sweater I was looking for. Feast Ones Eyes on Something If you feast your eyes on something,  you  enjoy the sight of something. This idiom is often used to boast about a possession of which you are very proud. Feast your eyes on my new watch. Isnt it beautiful?! I cant stop feasting my eyes on my new car. Get a Black Eye If you get a black eye, you  receive a bruise from something around the eye. This idiom can  also be used figuratively to mean to suffer a defeat. I got a black eye when I bumped into the door. I guess we got a black eye trying to compete with that big corporation. Get Stars in Ones Eyes Some young people get stars in their eyes  because they  become obsessed about show business. Ever since Janet got the lead role in the high school play, shes got stars in her eyes. Just because you are handsome doesnt mean you need to get stars in your eyes. Give Someone the Eye People will run when  you give them the eye  because you  look at someone in an accusatory or disapproving manner. The teacher was giving me the eye during the test. I guess he thought I might cheat. Dont give me the eye! Youre the one who caused this mess. Have Eyes Bigger than Your Stomach Unfortunately, its easy to put on weight if you  have eyes bigger than your stomach  because you  desire more food than you can eat. Little children tend to have eyes bigger than their stomachs. I remember one crazy night when my best friend had eyes bigger than his stomach. He ordered more than six different meals! Have Eyes in the Back of Ones Head If you have eyes in the back of your head, you are  be able to see what is going on. This can be frustrating because others might think they are being secretive and are not noticed. My mom had eyes in the back of her head. I never got away with anything. Do you have eyes in the back of your head? How did you notice that? Hit the Bulls-eye When a person hits the bulls-eye,  they  hit the center of the target. This expression is also used figuratively to express an impressive result. I think we hit the bulls-eye with our new product line. Youve hit the bulls-eye by getting that job. In the Public Eye If you are in the public eye, you are  in a position where the public can observe your actions, so be very careful! Youll be in the public eye if you take that job. Hollywood actors are all in the public eye. Keep Ones Eye on the Ball People who can  keep their eye on the ball  remain concentrated, especially in a work situation. You need to keep your eye on the ball, no matter how long it takes, to succeed. His ability to keep his eye on the ball assured his eventual success. Turn a Blind Eye to Someone or Something Unfortunately, some people turn a blind eye to someone  and show that they are  willingly to ignore  something wrong. Just turn a blind eye to Ted. Hell never change. Im going to turn a blind eye to that problem for the moment. Without Batting an Eye Most parents help their children without batting an eye  because they  do it without hesitation. He purchased the $2 million home without batting an eye. John made the decision without batting an eye. Idioms With Eye Quiz FIll in the gaps with a word to complete these sentences with expressions using  eye: Our boss has an ______ eye because he catches mistakes that others miss.Lets take a ______ view of this situation to make sure we dont miss anything.Its surprising how many young people get ______ in their eyes and move to Hollywood to start a career.I ordered this cake, but its too much. Im afraid I have eyes that are bigger than my ______.My daughter is the ______ of my eye.I think you hit the ______ when you made that investment. Today, you are a millionaire!She gave her daughter $500 without ______ an eye because she trusts her to spend it wisely.Would you please stop giving me the ______! Youre making me nervous!I got a ______ eye when I fell last week.Politicians are always in the ______ eye.   Answers eaglebirds-eyestarsstomachapplebulls-eyebattingeyeblackpublic

Psychosocial Stress and Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychosocial Stress and Cancer - Essay Example It has been stated that these may be manifestations of motivational disturbances due to advanced illness or longstanding suffering. It has also been suggested that physical changes associated with advanced and life-threatening illness associated with considerable suffering such as occurs in any patient with cancer may strongly influence the psychological adjustment of the patient in both positive and negative ways. This is an important factor in management of patients with cancer since the patient's perspective of cancer as a terminal illness strongly influences the care process. This also means that these responses indicate the psychological determinants of patient responses. Many cancer patients suffer from hopelessness, and this is regarded by the care professionals as conducive to illness, death, and suffering and the opposite psychological reaction may lead to a favourable outcome (Kunkel et al., 2000). Although investigated in other cancers, the role of psychological and social factors in cancer and in those who survive cancer has been well delineated. In some cancers psychological factors have been shown to be predictive of survival time. ... Those patients who are coping actively have best outcomes. It is thus evident that if these psychological factors have influence on survival, then development of psychological interventions directed to enhance the use of positive coping styles leading to prolonged survival. Petticrew et al. (2002) in their literature review indicated several themes of psychological reactions in response to cancer. Knowledge regarding these would foster professional interventions in cancer patients leading to better outcome (Petticrew et al. 2002). A very prominent and significant psychological response is fighting spirit. Many studies have investigated the impact of fighting spirit on survival from established cancer. Fighting spirit is a coping style, and this has been reported to be associated with reduced risk. The next most common psychological manifestation is helpless and hopelessness. This is known to be a predictor of reduced survival and compromised quality of life. Some patients demonstrate denial or avoidance. There is no significant association between an avoidant coping and survival. In some cancers, denial may predict recurrence of disease. Some patients with cancer demonstrate stoic acceptance and fatalism (White and Verhoef, 2003). Some patients become anxious with cancer and may develop anxious preoccupation. Some patients may even be depressed. Those who are very anxious or have high anxious preoccupation demonstrate shorter survival. Those who employ a depressive coping style also have a shorter survival. Th ose who have active or problem focused coping demonstrated a longer survival. Suffering from cancer and going through the treatment have high impact on the patients'

Change Management- Its interrelation with Project Management Essay

Change Management- Its interrelation with Project Management - Essay Example Change management is all about managing change and making the change beneficial for everyone. The main field of changes are psychological, business and engineering. Thus with the study of change in organization it is also necessary to have knowledge about change in individual. Kurt Lewin proposed a model in which he described change in three stages. The first stage is of Unfreezing. This stage proposes the change which raze the general thinking of an individual. The second stage is the period of disarray in which how should we replace the current set up also comes into mind. The third stage is refreezing in which all changes are set and comfort level returns back to the original position. This was the last stage which refers that change also provides comfort in work and behavior. The other change model is presented by Kubler Ross. This model describes two stages one is personal and second is emotional. There is formula for change that is that a beneficial change occurs when organizational satisfaction is not good or future immediate change and these changes must have greater effect than the resistance of company to occur change. There are some points that results in successful change: - 1) Awareness :- The people should be aware of change that why it is needed and up to which level. 2) Desire :- It is a person's own desire to have change and to participate in it with enthusiasm and a new vision, 3) Knowledge :- How the change should be done and when, knowledge of these things is of utmost importance. The knowledge of these things helps in a beneficial change. 4) Ability :- Change is not so easy process, to implement change is a very tough job. How to implement new technology and new skills so as to gain maximum output. This ability should be there in a manager. Organizational Change Management :- To manage the change in technology and process and individual behavior on an organizational level is called organizational change management. To manage these terms with an individual behavior gives change in organization. Changes should be handled with great care. The management of these changes should be such that they do not cause any negative impact on the organization. All possible views are considered before making nay change. Types of changes in organization :- 1) Operational change :- These changes effect the ongoing operations of the organizatio